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Gate Valve Structure & Working Principle: Complete Guide to Components, Operation & Industrial Applications

2021-07-16 18:33:00
Gate Valve Structure & Functionality Explained
A gate valve consists of several critical components: body, seat, stem, gate plate, body cover, and sealing ring. The gate plate serves as the primary on-off mechanism, moving perpendicular to the fluid flow direction. Unlike globe valves, gate valves are designed for full-open or full-closed operation and cannot be used for flow regulation or throttling.

Key Functions in Pipeline Systems
Gate valves play a vital role in pipeline networks by providing two-position control (open/closed). This design ensures minimal pressure drop when fully open, making them ideal for applications requiring unrestricted flow. For automated systems, they can be equipped with actuation devices to create electric gate valves or pneumatic gate valves, enhancing operational efficiency.

Working Principle & Design Features

  1. Linear Motion Mechanism
    The gate plate moves vertically via a trapezoidal-threaded stem. As the handwheel or actuator rotates, the stem’s threads convert rotational torque into linear thrust through a guide slot in the valve body.
  2. Sealing Mechanism
    • Pressure-Sealed: The gate plate relies on fluid pressure to maintain contact with the seat.
    • Force-Sealed: External force (e.g., actuator) ensures tight closure under low-pressure conditions.
  3. Position Calibration
    • Full-Open Indicator: Typically marked by the stem’s topmost position.
    • Thermal Expansion Adjustment: A standard practice is to open fully and then back off ½–1 turn to account for thermal expansion, preventing binding.

Ideal Applications

  • Water distribution systems
  • Oil and gas pipelines
  • Industrial process control
  • Power generation facilities

By optimizing gate valve design and operation, industries can achieve reliable flow control while minimizing maintenance requirements. For customized solutions, explore our range of electric gate valves and pneumatic gate valves engineered for diverse industrial needs.